均衡信贷配给的期权定价分析

本文基于期权定价的视角分析信贷配给，以一条全新的思路阐释均衡信贷配给的成因及特征，并试图得出些许启示。     

An optimal insurance strategy for an individual under an intertemporal equilibrium

In this paper, we discuss how a risk-averse individual under an intertemporal equilibrium chooses his/her optimal insurance strategy to maximize his/her expected utility of terminal wealth. It is shown that the individual’s optimal insurance strategy actually is equivalent to buying a put option, which is written on his/her holding asset with a proper strike price. Since the cost of avoiding risk can be seen as a risk measure, the put option premium can be considered as a reasonable risk measure. Jarrow [Jarrow, R., 2002. Put option premiums and coherent risk measures. Math. Finance 12, 135-142] drew this conclusion with an axiomatic approach, and we verify it by solving the individual’s optimal insurance problem.     

Evaluation of insurance products with guarantee in incomplete markets

Life insurance products are usually equipped with minimum guarantee and bonus provision options. The pricing of such claims is of vital importance for the insurance industry. Risk management, strategic asset allocation, and product design depend on the correct evaluation of the written options. Also regulators are interested in such issues since they have to be aware of the possible scenarios that the overall industry will face. Pricing techniques based on the Black & Scholes paradigm are often used, however, the hypotheses underneath this model are rarely met.To overcome Black & Scholes limitations, we develop a stochastic programming model to determine the fair price of the minimum guarantee and bonus provision options. We show that such a model covers the most relevant sources of incompleteness accounted in the financial and insurance literature. We provide extensive empirical analyses to highlight the effect of incompleteness on the fair value of the option, and show how the whole framework can be used as a valuable normative tool for insurance companies and regulators.     

On coordinate transformation and grid stretching for sparse grid pricing of basket options

We evaluate two coordinate transformation techniques in combination with grid stretching for pricing basket options in a sparse grid setting. The sparse grid technique is a basic technique for solving a high-dimensional partial differential equation. By creating a small hypercube sub-grid in the ‘composite’ sparse grid we can also determine hedge parameters accurately. We evaluate these techniques for multi-asset examples with up to five underlying assets in the basket.     

具限制投资组合和交易费用的博弈未定权益的保值

博弈期权是由kifer(2000)提出的,但就其本质而言,仍是美式期权的一种,只是增加了卖方中止合约的权利.本文主要对连续市场模型中具交易费用和限制投资组合的博弈未定权益的保值问题进行了研究,给出了买卖双方的保值价格和一个无套利区间.     

Portfolio Selection Problem with Minimax Type Risk Function

The investor's preference in risk estimation of portfolio selection problems is important as it influences investment strategies. In this paper a minimax risk criterion is considered. Specifically, the investor aims to restrict the standard deviation for each of the available stocks. The corresponding portfolio optimization problem is formulated as a linear program. Hence it can be implemented easily. A capital asset pricing model between the market portfolio and each individual return for this model is established using nonsmooth optimization methods. Some numerical examples are given to illustrate our approach for the risk estimation.     

城市交通管理中的出租车规划模型

最佳数量的确定和价格的制定是城市出租车规划中的两个核心问题.对影响出行强度的市区人口和建成区面积分析建立了出行总量预测模型,再通过分析出租车最佳数量与出租车运营里程的关系,得出出租车最佳数量的预测模型.在出租车最佳数量模型的基础上,分析出租车数量的差异和差异产生的原因,给出了出租车定价判断模型,为出租车定价机制的调整指明了方向.最后以长沙市为例进行了实证分析.     

美式期权定价问题的变网格差分方法

本文提出一种求解美式期权定价自由边值问题的变网格差分方法.通过建立一个自由边界所满足的方程,利用变网格技术可同时求出期权的差分解和最佳执行边界.本文分别讨论了显式和隐式变网格差分格式,并给出了差分解的收敛性和稳定性分析.数值实验表明本文算法是一个非常有效的期权定价算法.     

具有违约风险的人寿保险的最优定价

本文探讨具有违约风险的人寿保险的最优定价.我们从Black-Scholes的期权定价模型出发,考虑风险管理和准备金的要求,根据一次支付和均衡支付这两种不同的假设分别建立两个优化模型,并且借助于优化技术获得最优解.数量化分析结果表明,两个模型的最优价格对于利息率参数以及非索赔成本的变化都不敏感.这说明这两个模型是稳定的,而且是实用的.     

Bayesian parameter inference for models of the Black and Scholes type

In this paper, we describe a general method for constructing the posterior distribution of the mean and volatility of the return of an asset satisfying dS=SdX for some simple models of X. Our framework takes as inputs the prior distributions of the parameters of the stochastic process followed by the underlying, as well as the likelihood function implied by the observed price history for the underlying. As an application of our framework, we compute the value at risk (VaR) and conditional VaR (CVaR) measures for the changes in the price of an option implied by the posterior distribution of the volatility of the underlying. The implied VaR and CVaR are more conservative than their classical counterpart, since it takes into account the estimation risk that arises due to parameter uncertainty. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.